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MEASUR-Tools-Suite v1.2.6
The MEASUR Tools Suite is a collection of industrial efficiency calculations written in C++ and with bindings for compilation to WebAssembly.
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MEASUR-Tools-Suite v1.2.6
The MEASUR Tools Suite is a collection of industrial efficiency calculations written in C++ and with bindings for compilation to WebAssembly.
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| ►Compressed Air Assessments | Assessment tools and calculators for modeling compressed air systems, compressor operation, leaks, storage, and operating cost |
| ►Compressed Air Calculators | Stand-alone compressed air calculators for sizing, storage, velocity, operating cost, pneumatic demand, and leak surveys |
| ►Air System Capacity Calculator | Calculates total compressed air storage in distribution piping and receivers |
| Air System Capacity Formula | Total compressed air system capacity from pipe volume and receiver volume |
| Receiver Volume Conversion Formula | Converts receiver capacities from gallons to cubic feet |
| ►Air Velocity Calculator | Calculates compressed air velocity through standard nominal pipe sizes |
| Air Velocity Formula | Compressed air velocity for one nominal pipe size |
| Dryer Operating Cost Calculator | Calculates moisture removal and annual operating cost for compressed-air dryers |
| ►Bag Method Calculator | Estimates compressed air leak flow rate and annual consumption using the bag fill-time method |
| Bag Method Flow Rate Formula | Instantaneous compressed air leak flow rate from bag volume and fill time |
| Bag Method Annual Consumption Formula | Estimated annual air consumption from a compressed air leak measured by the bag method |
| ►Compressed Air Leak Survey Calculator | Aggregates the annual energy cost and air flow impact of multiple compressed air leaks across an industrial facility |
| Total Flow Rate Formula | Combined instantaneous flow rate for one survey entry |
| Annual Volume Formula — Estimate and Orifice Methods | Annual air volume for survey entries using the estimate or orifice method |
| Annual Volume Formula — Decibels Method | Annual air volume for survey entries using the decibels method |
| Annual Volume Formula — Bag Method | Annual air volume for survey entries using the bag method |
| Annual Electricity Formula | Annual electrical energy consumed by the compressor to replace leaked air |
| Annual Electricity Cost Formula | Annual monetary cost of leaked air when electricity is the cost basis |
| Annual Compressed Air Cost Formula | Annual monetary cost of leaked air when compressed air is the cost basis |
| ►Decibels Method Calculator | Estimates compressed air leak flow rate and annual consumption using bilinear interpolation from ultrasonic decibel and line pressure measurements |
| Decibels Method Leak Rate Formula | Compressed air leak flow rate estimated by bilinear interpolation |
| Decibels Method Annual Consumption Formula | Estimated annual air consumption from a compressed air leak measured by the decibels method |
| ►Estimate Method Calculator | Estimates annual compressed air consumption from a leak using visual and audible assessment |
| Estimate Method Annual Consumption Formula | Estimated annual air consumption from a compressed air leak assessed by the estimate method |
| ►Orifice Method Calculator | Estimates compressed air leak flow rate and annual consumption using orifice pressure and geometry measurements |
| Orifice Method Temperature Conversion Formula | Conversion of compressed air temperature from °F to °R for thermodynamic calculations |
| Orifice Method Absolute Supply Pressure Formula | Conversion of gauge supply pressure to absolute pressure for density calculations |
| Orifice Method Supply-Condition Density Formula | Air density at compressed air supply conditions using the ideal gas law |
| Orifice Method Standard-Condition Density Formula | Air density at standard atmospheric conditions, used to convert mass flow to scfm |
| Orifice Method Sonic Throat Density Formula | Isentropic density at the choked (sonic) throat of the orifice |
| Orifice Method Sonic Velocity Formula | Sonic (speed-of-sound) air velocity at the choked orifice throat |
| Orifice Method Mass Flow Rate Formula | Mass flow rate of compressed air escaping through one orifice at sonic conditions |
| Orifice Method Volumetric Flow Rate Formula | Volumetric flow rate per orifice at standard atmospheric conditions (scfm) |
| Orifice Method Total Leak Rate Formula | Total compressed air leak flow rate summed across all orifice leak points |
| Orifice Method Annual Consumption Formula | Estimated annual compressed air loss from all orifice leak points |
| ►Operating Cost Calculator | Calculates the annual electricity cost of a compressor operating in load/unload control mode |
| Run Time Unloaded Formula | Percentage of total operating time the compressor runs in the unloaded state |
| Loaded Annual Cost Formula | Annual electricity cost while the compressor delivers air at full load |
| Unloaded Annual Cost Formula | Annual electricity cost while the compressor runs unloaded (motor idling) |
| Total Annual Cost Formula | Total annual electricity cost for a compressor operating in load/unload mode |
| ►Compressed Air Pipe Data | Shared nominal pipe-size data used by air system capacity and velocity calculations |
| Pipe Volume Formula | Contained pipe volume for one nominal pipe size |
| Total Pipe Volume Formula | Total contained pipe volume across all supported nominal pipe sizes |
| Pipe Data Implementation Tables | Coefficients and internal areas used by the shared pipe data implementation |
| ►Pipe Sizing Calculator | Sizes compressed air distribution pipes to meet a target design velocity |
| Pipe Cross-Sectional Area Formula | Minimum internal pipe area to limit compressed-air velocity to the design value |
| Pipe Diameter Formula | Internal pipe diameter corresponding to the computed cross-sectional area |
| ►Pneumatic Air Requirement Calculator | Calculates the compressed air consumption of a pneumatic cylinder |
| Single-Acting Piston Air Intake Volume Formula | Cylinder volumetric air intake per minute for a single-acting piston |
| Compression Ratio Formula | Ratio of absolute working pressure to atmospheric pressure |
| Free-Air Requirement Formula | Free-air equivalent consumption of a pneumatic cylinder |
| Double-Acting Piston Air Intake Volume Formula | Combined cylinder air intake per minute for a double-acting piston |
| ►Pneumatic Valve Calculator | Calculates pneumatic valve air flow rate and valve flow coefficient (Cv) |
| Flow Rate Formula (Cv = 1) | Air flow rate through a pneumatic valve with unit flow coefficient (Cv = 1) |
| Flow Coefficient (Cv) Formula | Valve flow coefficient (Cv) for a pneumatic valve with a known flow rate |
| ►Receiver Tank Calculator | Sizes compressed air receiver tanks and calculates usable air capacity |
| Usable Air Capacity Formula | Volume of standard cubic feet of air available between two operating pressures |
| General Method Tank Size Formula | Sizes a receiver tank from a known air demand and allowable pressure drop |
| Dedicated Storage Method Tank Size Formula | Determines the compressed air storage volume needed to support a short-duration demand event without letting system pressure fall below an acceptable minimum |
| Metered Storage Method Tank Size Formula | Sizes a dedicated storage tank when the compressor can partially replenish storage during the demand event through a controlled recovery flow |
| Metered Storage Method Refill Time Formula | Time required to refill the receiver tank after a metered storage demand event |
| Bridging Compressor Reaction Delay Method Formula | Sizes a tank to bridge the compressor reaction delay for a remote demand event |
| Compressor Cycle Method Tank Size Formula | Sizes a receiver tank from the compressor duty cycle and operating pressure band |
| ►Compressor Modeling | Compressor assessment models and supporting catalog, control, and energy efficiency measure topics |
| ►Centrifugal Compressor Models | Load/unload, blow-off, and modulation/unload performance curves for centrifugal compressors |
| Centrifugal Load/Unload Calculation | Linear interpolation between no-load and full-load anchors |
| Centrifugal Modulation/Unload Calculation | Piecewise interpolation through no-load, unload, and maximum-flow anchors |
| Centrifugal Blow-Off Calculation | Separate useful airflow from the bypass flow needed to hold the compressor stable |
| Compressor Catalog: Meaning, Units, and Data Quality | How to interpret compressor catalog records before using them as model inputs |
| ►Compressor Energy Efficiency Measures | Engineering calculations for leak repair, end-use efficiency, pressure, set points, and savings |
| Compressor EEM Leak Reduction Formula | Airflow reduction from repairing compressed-air leaks |
| Compressor EEM End-Use Efficiency Formula | Adjusted use airflow from end-use efficiency improvements |
| Compressor EEM Pressure Formula | Adjusted power and use airflow after pressure changes |
| Compressor EEM Savings Formula | Demand, energy, and cost savings from reduced discharge pressure |
| ►Positive-Displacement Load/Unload Cycle Model | Runtime-and-energy model for screw and reciprocating compressors that repeatedly load and unload |
| Load/Unload Stage Runtimes | Calculate modulation, blowdown, off-load, reload, and receiver pump-up time |
| Load/Unload Stage Power and Energy | Calculate the five runtime-weighted energy terms used by the cycle average |
| Load/Unload Cycle Average and Sampled Inverse | Sum stage energy, divide by cycle time, and invert the curve when power is measured |
| Modulation Without Unload | Power-law model for a compressor that remains loaded while inlet capacity is modulated |
| ►Compressor Modeling: From a Measured Point to Power and Airflow | An engineer-facing guide to the compressor performance models used by the assessment |
| Dimensional Result Reconstruction | Convert normalized curve results back to package power and airflow |
| Three-Phase Electrical Measurement | Convert line voltage, line current, and power factor to measured package power |
| Pressure and Inlet Correction | Correct positive-displacement reference power and airflow to operating conditions |
| Start/Stop Compressor Model | Average power and airflow for a compressor that cycles fully on and fully off |
| Variable-Frequency-Drive Compressor Model | Piecewise VFD performance curve through no-load, turndown, midrange, and full-load anchors |
| Fan System Assessments | Fan-system assessment tools for evaluating energy use, operating scenarios, and potential efficiency improvements |
| Process Cooling Assessments | Chilled-water and process-cooling tools for estimating system performance, component operation, and savings opportunities |
| ►Process Heating Assessments | Process-heating assessment tools for heat balances, furnace and oven analysis, and thermal efficiency opportunities |
| ►Process Heat Calculators | Stand-alone process-heat calculators for heat recovery, energy equivalency, exhaust-gas use, and process integration |
| ►Air Heating Using Exhaust Calculator | Calculates energy savings from using exhaust gas (waste heat) to preheat combustion air for process heating systems |
| Heat Capacity of Flue Gas Formula | Heat capacity of exhaust flue gas based on fuel properties and combustion parameters |
| Heat Capacity of Air Formula | Heat capacity of incoming air to be preheated |
| Heat Recovered by Cold Air Formula | Heat transferred from exhaust to cold air through the heat exchanger |
| Outlet Exhaust Temperature Formula | Exhaust gas temperature after heat recovery |
| Annual Energy Savings Formula | Total energy savings over the operating period |
| ►Cascade Heat High-to-Low Calculator | Calculates energy and cost savings from cascading heat from a high-temperature process to a low-temperature process |
| Total Energy Savings Formula | Total energy savings from cascading heat |
| Hourly Energy Savings Formula | Hourly energy savings from cascading heat |
| Equivalent Energy Supply Formula | Equivalent energy supply to the low-temperature process |
| Heat Exchanger Energy Rate Formula | Energy transfer rate through the heat exchanger |
| Primary Flue Gas Volume Formula | Flue gas volume from the high-temperature process |
| Flue Gas Properties | Flue gas properties for both processes |
| ►Energy Equivalency Calculator | Calculates equivalent heat input for electrical and fuel-fired furnaces |
| Electrical Equivalent Heat Input Formula | Calculates the electrical heat input required to replace a fuel-fired furnace |
| Fuel-Fired Equivalent Heat Input Formula | Calculates the fuel-fired heat input required to replace an electrically heated furnace |
| ►Flow Calculations Energy Use Calculator | Calculates flow rate and heat input of a fuel-fired furnace using orifice flow measurement |
| Orifice Area Formula | Effective cross-sectional area of the orifice |
| Adjusted Discharge Coefficient Formula | Discharge coefficient corrected for diameter ratio effects |
| Pressure Drop Term Formula | Normalized pressure drop term accounting for gas specific gravity |
| Temperature Adjustment Formula | Temperature correction factor for flow to standard conditions |
| Pressure Adjustment Formula | Pressure correction factor for flow to standard conditions |
| Flow Rate Formula | Volumetric flow rate at standard conditions |
| Heat Input Formula | Thermal energy input over operating period |
| Total Flow Formula | Total gas volume consumed over operating period |
| ►O2 Enrichment Calculator | Calculates fuel consumption and savings from oxygen enrichment in fuel-fired furnaces |
| Fuel Savings with O2 Enrichment Formula | Fuel savings with oxygen enrichment as a percentage |
| Fuel Consumption with O2 Enrichment Formula | Fuel consumption with oxygen enrichment |
| Available Heat Formula | Available heat accounting for oxygen enrichment effects |
| Standard Available Heat Formula | Standard available heat from heat input and correction factors |
| Combustion Air Correction Formula | Correction factor for combustion air preheat |
| Air Correction Formula | Correction factor for excess air heat losses |
| Air Specific Heat Formula | Specific heat of combustion air calculated based on preheat temperature |
| Heat Input Formula | Heat input calculated based on flue gas temperature |
| Excess Air Formula | Calculate excess air from oxygen concentration in flue gas. |
| ►Process Heat Utilities | Common utility functions for process heating calculations |
| Excess Air from Flue Gas O2 | Calculate excess air from oxygen concentration in flue gas |
| ►Water Heating Using Exhaust Calculator | Calculates energy savings from using exhaust gas (waste heat) to provide energy for an absorption chiller in place of a compressor |
| Electrical Energy Formula | Equivalent electrical energy saved from compressor operation |
| Chiller Capacity Formula | Effective chiller capacity accounting for efficiency |
| Tons of Refrigeration Formula | Refrigeration capacity using chiller coefficient of performance |
| Recovered Heat Formula | Heat recovered from exhaust gas through the heat exchanger |
| Hot Water Flow Formula | Hot water flow rate based on recovered heat and temperature difference |
| ►Heat Loss Calculators | Process-heating loss calculators for exhaust gases, openings, walls, cooling streams, fixtures, and load materials |
| ►Atmosphere Heat Loss Calculator | Calculates heat losses from escaping atmospheric gases in process heating equipment |
| Atmosphere Heat Loss Formula | Total heat loss due to atmospheric gases |
| ►Auxiliary Power Used Calculator | Calculates auxiliary power usage for electrical systems in process heating equipment |
| Auxiliary Power Used Formula | Total auxiliary power consumption |
| ►Energy Input Electric Arc Furnace Calculator | Calculates total energy input and heat delivered for electric arc furnaces (EAF) |
| Energy Input Electric Arc Furnace Heat Delivered Formula | Total heat delivered to the electric arc furnace |
| Energy Input Electric Arc Furnace Formula | Total chemical energy input from all fuel sources |
| ►Energy Input Exhaust Gas Heat Loss Calculation | Calculates available heat, heat delivered, and exhaust gas losses for non-EAF electric furnaces |
| Exhaust Gas Losses Formula | Total heat loss through exhaust gases |
| Heat Delivered Formula | Useful heat delivered to the furnace |
| Available Heat Formula | Percentage of input heat available after exhaust losses |
| Base Heat Formula | Base available heat before corrections |
| Air Correction Formula | Correction for excess air in exhaust |
| Combustion Air Correction Formula | Correction for preheated combustion air |
| Specific Heat of Air Formula | Temperature-dependent specific heat of air |
| ►Exhaust Gas Heat Loss Calculation (Electric Arc Furnace) | Calculates total heat loss from exhaust gas in electric arc furnaces (EAF) |
| Total Heat Loss Formula | Total heat loss from exhaust gases |
| Corrected Volume Flow Rate Formula | Conversion of measured flow rate to standard conditions |
| Total Heat Value per Unit Volume Formula | Heat content per unit volume of exhaust gas |
| Chemical Heat Formula | Chemical heat from unburned combustibles |
| ►Fixture Heat Loss Calculator | Calculates heat losses from fixtures, trays, and conveyors in process heating equipment |
| Fixture Heat Loss Formula | Total heat loss due to fixture heating |
| ►Gas Cooling Heat Loss Calculator | Calculates heat loss due to gas (including air) cooling in process heating equipment |
| Gas Cooling Heat Loss Formula | Total heat loss due to gas cooling |
| ►Gas Flue Gas Material Calculator | Calculates process heat properties and available heat for gas fuel flue gas materials |
| Available Heat Calculation | Calculate percentage of fuel energy available after exhaust losses |
| Sensible Heat of Fuel | Calculate sensible heat contribution from fuel temperature above ambient |
| Enthalpy and Heat Content | Calculate heat content of each flue gas constituent |
| Partial Pressure of Water Vapor | Calculate mole fraction of water vapor in flue gas |
| Stoichiometric Air and Moisture Correction | Calculate stoichiometric air required and moisture correction |
| Generated Volumes and Unit Conversion | Convert generated weights to volumes using density factors |
| Fuel and Product Aggregation | Sum fuel heating value and generated product weights |
| Mean Cp for Combustion Air | Calculate weighted average specific heat for combustion air |
| Constituent Specific Heats | Calculate temperature-dependent specific heat for each gas constituent |
| Temperature Conversion | Convert temperatures to absolute scale for thermodynamic calculations |
| Excess Air and Flue Gas O2 | Calculate excess air from O2 measurement or O2 from excess air |
| ►Gas Load Charge Material Heat Required Calculator | Calculates total heat required for a gas load/charge material |
| Total Heat Required Formula | |
| Sensible Heat for Gas Formula | |
| Sensible Heat for Vapor Formula | |
| Heat of Reaction Formula | |
| ►Leakage Heat Loss Calculator | Calculates heat losses from hot gas leakage in process heating equipment |
| Leakage Heat Loss Formula | Total heat loss due to hot gas leakage |
| Standard Cubic Feet per Hour Formula | Conversion of actual flow rate to standard conditions |
| Cubic Feet per Hour Formula | Leakage flow rate from opening area and pressure |
| Specific Heat Calculations | Temperature-dependent specific heat formulas |
| ►Liquid Cooling Heat Loss Calculator | Calculates heat loss due to liquid cooling in process heating equipment |
| Liquid Cooling Heat Loss Formula | Total heat loss due to liquid cooling |
| ►Liquid Load Charge Material Heat Required Calculator | Calculates total heat required for a liquid load/charge material |
| Total Heat Required Formula | |
| Sensible Heat (Below Vaporizing Temp) Formula | |
| Full Heating (Above Vaporizing Temp) Formula | |
| Heat of Reaction Formula | |
| ►Opening Heat Loss Calculator | Calculates heat losses from process heating equipment openings to the ambient |
| Opening Total Heat Loss Formula | |
| Opening View Factor Formula | The radiative view factor F is a function of the opening geometry and wall thickness |
| Opening View Factor Polynomials | Polynomial approximations for radiative view factor |
| Opening Heat Loss Symbols | Symbols used in opening heat loss formulas |
| ►Slag/Other Material Heat Loss Calculator | Calculates heat losses from slag and other waste materials in process heating equipment |
| Slag/Other Material Heat Loss Formula | Total heat loss due to slag or other waste material heating |
| ►Solid/Liquid Flue Gas Material Calculator | Calculates process heat properties and available heat for solid and liquid fuel flue gas materials |
| Total Solid/Liquid Flue Gas: Heat Loss | Algorithm for calculating total heat loss and available heat for solid/liquid flue gas materials |
| Excess Air Calculation | Iterative method to estimate excess air from measured flue gas oxygen |
| Flue Gas O2 Calculation | Compute expected oxygen content in flue gas for a given excess air level |
| Heating Value Calculation | Calculate higher heating value of solid or liquid fuel |
| ►Solid Load Charge Material Heat Required Calculator | Calculates total heat required for a solid load/charge material |
| Total Heat Required Formula | |
| Moisture Removal (Below boiling point) Formula | |
| Moisture Removal (Above boiling point) Formula | |
| Heat for Remaining Moisture Formula | |
| Solid Heating (Below melting point) Formula | |
| Solid Heating (Above melting point) Formula | |
| Heat of Reaction Formula | |
| ►Wall Heat Loss Calculator | Calculates heat losses from walls of process heating equipment to the ambient |
| Wall Total Heat Loss Formula | Total heat loss from wall to ambient environment |
| Wall Convective Heat Loss Formula | Heat loss due to natural and forced convection |
| Wall Radiative Heat Loss Formula | |
| ►Water Cooling Heat Loss Calculator | Calculates heat loss due to water cooling in process heating equipment |
| Water Cooling Heat Loss Formula | Total heat loss due to water cooling |
| Water Density Calculation Formula | Temperature-dependent water density calculation |
| ►Pumping System Assessments | Pumping-system assessment tools for field-measured performance, system curves, energy use, and efficiency scenarios |
| Pump Head Calculator | Determines the head developed by an operating pump from field measurements |
| ►Steam System Assessments | Steam-system assessment and modeling tools for boilers, turbines, flash tanks, steam flows, and savings measures |
| ►Air/Water Cooling Using Flue Calculator | Calculates heat recovery from flue gas using a condensing heat exchanger for air and water cooling applications |
| Total Available Heat Fraction Formula | Total fraction of heat available including sensible and latent components |
| Latent Heat Recovery Formula | Latent heat recovered from water vapor condensation |
| Sensible Heat Recovery Formula | Sensible heat recovered from cooling the flue gas |
| Latent Heat Fraction Formula | Fraction of heat available from water vapor condensation |
| Flue Gas Flow Formula | Flue gas mass flow rate based on fuel properties and heat input |
| Fraction Condensed Formula | Fraction of water vapor condensed in the heat exchanger |
| Flue Gas Properties | Flue gas properties from combustion analysis |
| ►Water Heating Using Flue Calculator | Calculates energy and cost savings from using flue gas (waste heat) to preheat boiler feedwater using a non-condensing heat exchanger |
| Flue Gas Mass Flow Formula | Flue gas mass flow rate based on boiler rating and fuel properties |
| Steam Mass Flow Formula | Steam mass flow rate based on boiler rating and enthalpy difference |
| Feedwater Mass Flow Formula | Feedwater mass flow rate accounting for steam production and blowdown |
| Flue Gas Heat Capacity Formula | Heat capacity rate of the flue gas stream |
| Feedwater Heat Capacity Formula | Heat capacity rate of the feedwater stream |
| Minimum Heat Capacity Formula | Minimum heat capacity rate between the two streams |
| Recovered Heat Formula | Heat recovered through the heat exchanger using effectiveness-NTU method |
| Flue Gas Exit Temperature Formula | Exit temperature of flue gas after heat exchanger |
| Feedwater Exit Temperature Formula | Exit temperature of feedwater after heat exchanger |
| Annual Energy Savings Formula | Annual energy savings from using waste heat recovery |
| Annual Cost Savings Formula | Annual cost savings from using waste heat recovery |
| ►Water Heating Using Steam Calculator | Calculates energy and water savings from using vent steam to heat water through a steam-to-liquid heat exchanger |
| Outlet Water Temperature Formula | Outlet water temperature based on energy balance between steam and water |
| Safe Boiling Point Temperature Formula | Safe operating temperature threshold to prevent boiling |
| Heat Gain Rate Formula | Rate of heat transfer from steam to water (normal operation) |
| Adjusted Heat Gain Rate Formula | Rate of heat transfer when boiling point is exceeded |
| Bypass Steam Flow Formula | Excess steam flow that must be bypassed to prevent boiling |
| Energy Saved in Domestic Water Heater Formula | Annual energy savings in the domestic water heating system |
| Energy Saved in Boiler Formula | Annual energy savings in the boiler from condensate return |
| Water Saved Formula | Annual water savings from condensate return |
| Water Assessments | Plant-water assessment tools for water balances, process-water diagrams, facility costs, and efficiency targeting |
| Waste Water Assessments | Wastewater treatment assessment tools for aeration demand, sludge-process behavior, operating conditions, and energy savings |
| ►Energy Treasure Hunt Calculators | Rapid opportunity calculators for energy treasure hunts, energy sweeps, low-cost measures, and savings rollups |
| ►Compressed Air Pressure Reduction Calculator | Quantifies electricity savings from reducing compressed air system pressure |
| Baseline Energy Use Formula | Annual energy use for baseline compressed-air operation using measured or rated power |
| Modification Energy Use Formula | Annual energy use for pressure-reduction modification |
| Energy Cost Formula | Annual energy cost from annual energy use and electricity rate |
| ►Compressed Air Reduction Calculator | Calculates annual compressed air consumption, energy use, and cost for compressed airflow reduction measures |
| ►Nozzle Coefficient Lookup Table | Pre-calibrated quadratic coefficients for 12 standard compressed air nozzle types used in the orifice/pressure measurement method |
| Nozzle Coefficient Data | |
| Flow Meter Consumption Formula | Annual compressed air consumption derived from a flow meter reading |
| Bag Method Flow Rate and Consumption Formula | Compressed airflow rate and annual consumption estimated using the bag method |
| Orifice/Pressure Method Flow Rate Formula | Compressed airflow rate estimated from nozzle type and supply pressure |
| Electricity Energy Use Formula | Annual electrical energy use derived from compressed air consumption, compressor specific power, and control adjustment |
| Energy Cost Formula | Annual energy cost calculated from consumption or energy use and the applicable cost rate |
| ►Electricity Reduction Calculator | Calculates annual electricity use and cost for electricity reduction measures using multiple measurement methods |
| Multimeter Power Formula | Total power calculated from voltage, current, power factor, and number of phases |
| Nameplate Power Formula | Operating power estimated from motor nameplate data, load factor, and efficiency |
| Power Meter Energy Use Formula | Annual energy use derived from a direct power meter reading and operating hours |
| Other Method Energy Use Formula | Annual energy use supplied as a direct consumption value |
| Annual Energy Use Formula | Annual energy use calculated from total power and operating hours |
| Energy Cost Formula | Annual energy cost calculated from annual energy use and the electricity cost rate |
| ►Insulated Pipe Reduction Calculator | Calculates heat loss per unit length and annual heat loss from a hot pipe, with or without thermal insulation |
| Thermal Resistance Formula | Thermal resistance per unit length of a cylindrical shell |
| Reynolds Number Formula | Reynolds number for external cross-flow over a cylinder |
| Rayleigh Number Formula | Rayleigh number for natural convection from a horizontal cylinder |
| Forced-Convection Nusselt Number Formula | Churchill–Bernstein correlation for forced convection over a cylinder in cross-flow |
| Free-Convection Nusselt Number Formula | Churchill–Chu correlation for free convection from a horizontal cylinder |
| Combined Nusselt Number Formula | Power-sum combination of forced and free convection Nusselt numbers |
| Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient Formula | Convective heat transfer coefficient from the Nusselt number definition |
| Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficient Formula | Linearized radiative heat transfer coefficient from the Stefan–Boltzmann law |
| Insulated Pipe Heat Loss Formula | Heat loss per unit length for an insulated pipe |
| Bare Pipe Heat Loss Formula | Heat loss per unit length for a bare (uninsulated) pipe |
| Annual Heat Loss Formula | Annual heat loss for the full pipe length |
| ►Insulated Tank Reduction Calculator | Calculates heat loss and annual energy cost for a hot cylindrical tank, with or without thermal insulation |
| Air Property Polynomial Fits | Fourth-order polynomial fits for air properties as a function of temperature |
| Rayleigh Number Formula | Rayleigh number for natural convection along a vertical cylinder in U.S. customary units |
| Natural Convection Coefficient Formula | Natural convection heat transfer coefficient for a vertical cylinder |
| Insulated Tank — Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient | Overall heat transfer coefficient for an insulated cylindrical tank |
| Bare Tank — Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient | Overall heat transfer coefficient for a bare (uninsulated) cylindrical tank |
| Convective–Conductive Heat Loss | Total convective and conductive heat loss through the tank system |
| Radiative Heat Loss | Radiation heat loss from the tank outer surface using the Stefan–Boltzmann law |
| Annual Heat Loss Formula | Annual heat loss for the tank, adjusted for system efficiency |
| ►Natural Gas Reduction Calculator | Calculates annual natural gas energy use and cost for natural gas reduction measures using multiple measurement methods |
| Flow Meter Energy Use Formula | Annual natural gas energy use derived from a direct flow meter measurement |
| Air Mass Flow Energy Use Formula | Annual natural gas energy use derived from heat transferred to an air stream |
| Water Mass Flow Energy Use Formula | Annual natural gas energy use derived from heat transferred to a water stream |
| Other Method Energy Use Formula | Annual natural gas energy use supplied as a direct consumption value |
| Energy Cost Formula | Annual natural gas energy cost calculated from annual energy use and the fuel cost rate |
| ►Steam Reduction Calculator | Calculates annual steam use, energy use, and energy cost for steam reduction measures using multiple measurement methods |
| Enthalpy Difference Formula | Enthalpy difference between steam at operating conditions and feedwater at atmospheric pressure |
| Flow Meter Method Formula | Annual steam use and energy use derived from a direct flow meter reading |
| Air Mass Flow Method Formula | Annual energy use derived from air flow rate and temperature differential |
| Water Mass Flow Method Formula | Annual energy use derived from nameplate water mass flow and temperature differential |
| Offsheet Method Formula | Annual energy use supplied as a direct consumption value |
| Steam Use from Energy Use Formula | Annual steam use derived from annual energy use for the mass flow and offsheet methods |
| Energy Cost Formula | Annual energy cost calculated from steam or energy use and the utility cost rate |
| ►Water Reduction Calculator | Calculates annual water use and cost for water reduction measures using multiple measurement methods |
| Metered Flow Water Use Formula | Annual water use derived from a continuous flow meter reading and operating hours |
| Volume Meter Water Use Formula | Annual water use derived from the change in a volume meter over a timed interval |
| Bucket Method Water Use Formula | Annual water use derived from the time required to fill a bucket of known volume |
| Other Method Water Use Formula | Annual water use supplied as a direct consumption value |
| Water Cost Formula | Annual water cost calculated from annual water use and the water cost rate |
| Simple Equipment and Property Calculators | Focused equipment, property, and conversion calculators for common industrial energy analysis tasks |
| ►Databases | Curated default material, gas, combustion, compressor, and equipment data used to pre-populate calculations |
| ►Gas Flue Gas Material Database | Contains default data for flue gas materials used in process heat calculations |
| Default Flue Gas Material Data | |
| ►Gas Load Charge Material Database | Contains default data for gas load/charge materials used in heat loss calculations |
| Default Gas Load/Charge Material Data | |
| ►Gas Type Database | Contains default data for atmospheric gas types used in atmosphere heat loss calculations |
| Default Gas Type Data | |
| ►Liquid Load Charge Material Database | Contains default data for liquid load/charge materials used in heat loss calculations |
| Default Liquid Load/Charge Material Data | |
| ►Solid/Liquid Flue Gas Material Database | Contains default data for solid/liquid flue gas materials used in process heat calculations |
| Default Solid/Liquid Flue Gas Material Data | |
| ►Solid Load Charge Material Database | Contains default data for solid load/charge materials used in heat loss calculations |
| Default Solid Load/Charge Material Data | |
| ►Wall Type Database | Contains default data for wall types used in wall heat loss calculations |
| Default Wall Type Data | |
| ►Physics | Shared physical constants, gas-property models, unit conversions, and thermodynamic helpers used across MEASUR |
| Physics Constants | Physical constants used in process heating and thermodynamic calculations |
| ►Gas Composition | Provides formulas and methods for calculating gas mixture properties, combustion air requirements, and flue gas analysis in engineering applications |
| Total Composition Weight Formula | Calculates the total composition weight and sets the weight fraction for each constituent |
| Heating Value Formula | Calculates the heating value of the mixture by summing weighted constituent heating values |
| Heating Value Volume Formula | Calculates the volumetric heating value of the mixture |
| Specific Gravity Formula | Calculates the specific gravity of the gas mixture |
| Stoichometric Air Formula | Calculates the stoichiometric air required for combustion |
| O2 Percentage From Excess Air Formula | Calculates flue gas O2 percentage from excess air |
| Estimate Excess Air From O2 Formula | Empirical formula to estimate excess air from flue gas O2 percentage |
| Calculate Enthalpy At Saturation Formula | Calculates enthalpy at saturation for water vapor |
| Calculate Saturation Temperature Formula | Calculates saturation temperature for water vapor |
| Adjusted Flue Gas O2 For Calc Error Formula | Iteratively adjusts calculated flue gas O2 to minimize error with target excess air |
| Get Mass Flue Gas Components Formula | Calculates mass of flue gas components for a given excess air |
| Gas Constants | Thermodynamic and stoichiometric constants for combustion and flue gas calculations |
1.9.8